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  • 1 στόμα

    στόμα, τό, [dialect] Aeol. [full] στύμα Theoc.29.25; gen. στόματος, but
    A

    στομάτοιο Hymn.Mag.2(2).10

    ,28:— mouth, Il.14.467, etc.;

    σύν τε στόμ' ἐρεῖσαι Od.11.426

    ; ἱμείρων γλυκεροῦ ς. Sol.25; of animals, Hes.Sc. 146, 389, S.Ph. 1156 (lyr.), etc.:—pl. is sts. used for sg., ἀμφιπίπτων στόμασιν, of kissing, Id.Tr. 938, cf. E.Alc. 403 (lyr.), and freq. in later Poets, A.R. 4.1607, Nic.Al. 210, 240, etc.: metaph., πτολέμοιο, ὑσμίνης στόμα, the very jaws of the battle, as of a devouring monster, Il.10.8, 20.359 (but cf. infr. 111.1).
    2 esp. the mouth as the organ of speech,

    δέκα μὲν γλῶσσαι, δέκα δὲ στόματ' 2.489

    , cf. Thgn.18;

    βραχύ μοι σ. πάντ' ἀνᾱγήσασθαι Pi.N.10.19

    ; freq. in Trag., σ. τὸ Δῖον the mouth of Zeus, A.Pr. 1032; τὸ Φοίβου θεῖον ἀψευδὲς ς. Id.Fr.350.5, cf. S.OC 603;

    τοῦ στόματος τὸ στρογγύλον Ar.Fr. 471

    ; Μοισᾶν καπυρὸν ς. their mouthpiece, organ, Theoc.7.37, cf. Mosch.3.72; Πιερίδων τὸ σοφὸν ς., of Homer, AP7.4 (Paul. Sil.), cf. 7.6 (Antip. Sid.), 7.75 (Antip.), 9.184;

    τὸ μισόχρηστον σ. τῆς κωμῳδίας Phld. Piet.p.93G.

    ; speech, utterance, S.OT 426, 706, OC 132 (lyr.), etc.; εἰς τόδ' ἐξελθόντος ἀνόσιον ς. ib. 981; κἂν καλὸν φορῇ ς. Id.Fr. 930;

    τὸ σὸν.. σ. ἐλεινόν Id.OT 671

    ;

    διδόναι σ. καὶ σοφίαν Ev.Luc.21.15

    : in pl. of a single speaker, S.OT 1220 (lyr.):—special phrases: οἴγειν ς. A. Pr. 611; τοὐμὸν οὐ λύω ς. E.Hipp. 1060, cf. Isoc.12.96; διᾶραι τὸ ς. D. 19.112; κοίμησον ς. keep silence, A.Ag. 1247; δάκνειν ς., i.e. to keep a stern silence (cf. ὀδάξ), Id.Fr. 397;

    ἴσχε δακὼν σ. σόν S.Tr. 977

     (anap.); ὀδόντι πρῖε τὸ ς. Id.Fr. 897; so κλῄσας ς. E.Ph. 865; οὐκ ἐφέξετε ς.; Id.Hec. 1283; σῖγ' ἕξομεν ς. Id.Hipp. 660; εὖ ἔχειν σ.,= εὐφημεῖν, Eup. 381; συγκλῄειν ς. Ar.Th.40(anap.):—of style, τὸ Λυσιακὸν ς. D.H.Lys. 12.
    3 with Preps.,
    a ἀνὰ στόμα ἔχειν have always in one's mouth, whether for good or ill, E.El.80;

    ἀνὰ σ. καὶ διὰ γλώσσης ἔχειν Id.Andr.95

    .
    b ἀπὸ στόματος εἰπεῖν speak from memory (cf. ἀπὸ γλώσσης), Pl.Tht. 142d, X.Mem.3.6.9, Philem.48, Plu.Sol.8, etc.
    d

    ἐν στόμασι εἶχον Hdt.3.157

    , 6.136;

    πολλῶν κείμενος ἐν στόμασιν Thgn.240

    ;

    ἐν τῷ σ. λέγειν Ar.Ach. 198

    .
    e ἐξ ἑνὸς σ. with one voice, Id.Eq. 670. Pl.R. 364a, PGiss.36.13 (ii B.C.), Gal.15.763; so ὡς ἀφ' ἑνὸς ς. AP11.159 (Lucill.).
    f ἐπὶ στόμα on one's face, face-foremost, ἐξεκυλίσθη πρηνὴς.. ἐπὶ ς. Il.6.43, cf. 16.410;

    ὡς κύων ἐπὶ σ. κείμενος Archil.Supp.2.9

    ; ὗς ἔκειτ' ἐπὶ ς. Men.21; ἐπὶ σ. κεῖται lies prone, of the right ventricle, Hp.Cord.4; ἐπὶ ς.,= pronus, Gloss.;

    ἐπὶ σ. πεσόντα Plu.Art.29

    ;

    ἐπὶ σ. φερόμενον ἐν πᾶσι Timae.

     ap.Plb.12.8.4; also ὅ τι νῦν ἦλθ' ἐπὶ ς. whatever came uppermost, A.Fr. 351; ἐπὶ στόματος Φαραώ by the command of P., LXX 4 Ki.23.35.
    g κατὰ στόμα face to face, Hdt.8.11, E.Heracl. 801, Rh. 409, X.An.5.2.26; οἱ κατὰ σ. θεοί (cf. ἀντήλιοι) E.Fr.781.33; κατὰ σ. τινός confronted with him, Pl.Lg. 855d;

    στόμα κατὰ στόμα λαλήσω αὐτῷ LXXNu.12.8

    ;

    στόμα πρὸς στόμα 2 Ep.Jo.12

    , 3 Ep.Jo.14, PMag.Berol.1.39.
    II mouth of a river, Il.12.24, Od.5.441, A.Pr. 847, Hdt.2.17, etc.; so ἠϊόνος σ. μακρόν the wide mouth of the bay, Il.14.36, cf. Od.10.90;

    σ. τοῦ Πόντου Th.4.75

    ; κόλπου ib.49;

    τὸ σ. τῆς ἐσβολῆς Ar.Ec. 1107

    ; τὸ ἄνω σ. [τῆς διώρυχος] the width of the trench at top, Hdt.7.23 (but τὰ σ. τ. δ. mouths, ib.37).
    2 any outlet or entrance,

    ἀργαλέον σ. λαύρης Od.22.137

    ;

    σ. τῆς ἀγυιᾶς X.Cyr.2.4.4

    ;

    σ. φρέατος Id.An.4.5.25

    ;

    καδίσκου Ar.Fr. 581

    , cf. AP6.251 (Phil.); χθόνιον Ἄιδα ς. Pi.P.4.44; τὰ τῶν διεξόδων ς. Pl.Phdr. 251d; ἑπτάπυλον ς. the seven gates of Thebes, S.Ant. 119 (lyr.): Medic., τῶν μητρέων, τῶν ὑστερέων,= os uteri (not distinguished from the cervix), Hp.Mul.1.36, Aph.5.46;

    τῆς κοιλίας Arist.APo. 94b15

    , Sor.1.50;

    γαστρός Nic.Al.20

    , Gal.5.274; [ ἕλκους] Arist.Pr. 863a11.
    III foremost part, face, front:
    1 of weapons, point,

    κατὰ στόμα εἱμένα χαλκῷ Il.15.389

    ; [

    ὁ κριὸς] ἔχει σ. σιδηροῦν Ath.

     Mech.24.2;

    τὸ σ. τῆς αἰχμῆς Philostr.Her.19.4

    ; edge of a sword,

    μαχαίρας Ascl.Tact.3.5

    , Ev.Luc.21.24, etc.: metaph., ἐθηλύνθην ς. S.Aj. 651.
    b the front ranks of the battle, the front, ἀπὸ στόματος (opp. ἀπὸ τῆς οὐρᾶς) X.An.3.4.42, cf. HG4.3.4;

    τὸ σ. τοῦ πλαισίου Id.An.3.4.43

    , cf. 5.4.22, Plb.10.12.7 (so perh. σ. πολέμοιο, ὑσμίνης in Hom., v. supr.1.1).
    c

    τὸ τῶν λοχαγῶν τάγμα σ. καλεῖται Ascl.Tact.2.5

    .
    2 ἄκρον σ. πύργων the edge or top of the towers, E.Ph. 1166; πρὸς τῷ σ. τοῦ βίου at the very verge of life, X.Ages.11.15.
    3 = ὀμφαλός 111.3, Ael.Tact.7.3. (Cf. Avest. staman-, m. 'mouth (of dog)', Welsh safn 'mouth'.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στόμα

  • 2 ἀνήρ

    ἀνήρ, ὁ, ἀνδρός, ἀνδρί, ἄνδρα, voc. ἄνερ: pl. ἄνδρες, -δρῶν, -δράσι [pron. full] [ᾰ], -dras: [dialect] Aeol. dat. pl.
    A

    ἄνδρεσι Alc.Supp.14.8

    : late nom. sg.

    ἄνδρας Cat.Cod.Astr.7.109.7

    : in [dialect] Att. the Art. often forms a crasis with the Noun, ἁνήρ for ὁ ἀνήρ, τἀνδρός, τἀνδρί for τοῦ ἀνδρός, etc., ἅνδρες for οἱ ἄνδρες; the [dialect] Ion. crasis is ὡνήρ, ὧνδρες, Hdt.4.161, 134: [dialect] Ep. also ἀνέρα, ἀνέρος, ἀνέρι, dual ἀνέρε, pl. ἀνέρες, ἀνέρας, ἄνδρεσσι. [[dialect] Ep. Poets mostly use [pron. full] ᾱ in arsi, [pron. full] ᾰ in thesi; but in trisyll. forms with stem ἀνέρ- always ᾱ; so also Trag. in lyr., S.Tr. 1011, OT 869. But in Trag. senarians [pron. full] ᾰ always.] (ἀ- in nom. by analogy; cf. Skt. nar- from I.-E. ner-, nṛ- from nṛ-, Gk. ἀνδρ- from ṇr-):—man, opp. woman ( ἄνθρωπος being man as opp. to beast), Il.17.435, Od.21.323; τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄπαις without male children, Pl.Lg. 877e; in Hom. mostly of princes, leaders, etc., but also of free men; ἀ δήμου one of the people, Il.2.198, cf. Od.17.352; with a qualifying word to indicate rank,

    ἀ. βουληφόρος Il.2.61

    ;

    ἀ. βασιλεύς Od.24.253

    ;

    ἡγήτορες ἄ. Il.11.687

    .
    II man, opp. god, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε ib.1.544, al.; Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν ib. 334, cf. 403, Hdt.5.63, etc.: most common in pl., yet sts. in sg., e.g. Il.18.432:—freq. with a Noun added, βροτοί, θνητοὶ ἄ., Od.5.197,10.306;

    ἄ. ἡμίθεοι Il.12.23

    ; ἄ. ἥρωες ib.5.746:—also of men, opp. monsters, Od.21.303:—of men in societies and cities,

    οὔτε παρ' ἀνδράσιν οὔτ' ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις Pi.O. 6.10

    ; and so prob.,

    ἄλλοτε μέν τ' ἐπὶ Κύνθου ἐβήσαο.., ἄλλοτε δ' ἂν νήσους τε καὶ ἀνέρας.. h.Ap. 142

    .
    III man, opp. youth, unless the context determines the meaning, as in

    οὔ πως ἔστι νεωτέρῳ ἀνδρὶ μάχεσθαι ἄνδρα γέροντα Od.18.53

    ; but ἀ. alone always means a man in the prime of life, esp. warrior,

    ἀ. ἕλεν ἄνδρα Il.15.328

    ; so

    ἀ. ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς ἐλύθησαν Th.2.103

    ; the several ages are given as

    παῖς, μειράκιον, ἀ., πρεσβύτης X.Smp.4.17

    ; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐγγράφεσθαι, συντελεῖν, D.19.230, Isoc.12.212;

    εἰς ἄνδρας ἀναβῆναι BMus.Inscr.898

    ; in Inscrr. relating to contests, opp. παῖδες, IG22.1138.10, etc.
    IV man emphatically, man indeed,

    ἀνέρες ἄστε, φίλοι Il.5.529

    ; freq. in Hdt.,

    πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνθρωποι, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἄνδρες 7.210

    ;

    πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀ. ὅδ' ἦν; S.Aj.77

    ;

    ἄνδρα γίγνεσθαί σε χρή E.El. 693

    ;

    ἀ. γεγένησαι δι' ἐμέ Ar.Eq. 1255

    ;

    ὃ μαθὼν ἀ. ἔσει Id.Nu. 823

    ;

    ἄνδρας ἡγοῦνται μόνους τοὺς πλεῖστα δυναμένους καταφαγεῖν Id.Ach.77

    ;

    εἰ ἄνδρες εἶεν οἱ στρατηγοί Th.4.27

    ;

    οὐκέτι ἀ. ἀλλὰ σκευοφόρος X.Cyr.4.2.25

    ;

    τὸν Αυκομήδην.. μόνον ἄνδρα ἡγοῦντο Id.HG7.1.24

    ; οὐκ ἐν ἀνδράσι not like a man, E.Alc. 723, cf. 732; ἀνδρὸς τὰ προσπίπτοντα γενναίως φέρειν 'tis the part of a man.., Men.771, etc.
    V husband, Il.19.291, Od.24.196, Hdt.1.146, etc.;

    εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἡκούσης τῆς κόρης Pl. Criti. 113d

    ; so

    ἐξοικιεῖν εἰς ἀνδρὸς [οἶκον] θυγατέρα Luc.Lex.11

    :—also of a paramour, opp. πόσις, S.Tr. 551, cf. E.Hipp. 491, Theoc.15.131;

    ἀ. ἁπασῶν τῶν γυναικῶν ἐστι νῦν Pherecr.155

    ;

    αἰγῶν ἄνερ Theoc.8.49

    .
    VI Special usages:
    1 joined with titles, professions, etc.,

    ἰητρὸς ἀ. Il.11.514

    ; ἀ. μάντις, ἀ. στρατηγός, Hdt.6.83,92 (dub.);

    ἀ. νομεύς S.OT 1118

    ; ἄνδρες λοχῖται, λῃσταί, ἀσπιστῆρες, ib. 751, 842, Aj. 565; esp. in disparagement,

    κλῶπες ἄ. E.Rh. 645

    ;

    ἀ. δημότης S. Ant. 690

    ; with names of nations, as

    Φοίνικες ἄ. Hdt.4.42

    ;

    ἀ. Θρῇξ E. Hec.19

    ,al.; esp. in addresses,

    ἄ. ἔφοροι Hdt.9.9

    ;

    ἄ. πολῖται S.OT 513

    ;

    ἄ. δικασταί D.21.1

    , etc.; ὦ ἄνδρες gentlemen of the jury, Antipho 1.1, Lys.1.1, etc.;

    ὦ ἄ. Ἀθηναῖοι Id.6.8

    , etc.: hence in Comedy,

    ἄ. ἰχθύες Archipp.29

    ;

    ἄ. θεοί Luc.JTr.15

    ;

    ὦ ἄ. κύνες Ath.4.160b

    .
    2 ὁ ἀνήρ, by crasis [dialect] Att. ἁνήρ, [dialect] Ion. ὡνήρ, is freq. used emphatically for

    αὐτός, ἐκεῖνος Ar.V. 269

    , prob. in Pl.Sph. 216b, etc.: sts. so in oblique cases without the Art., S.Tr.55, 109, 293, etc.; but not in Prose.
    3 ἀ. ὅδε, ὅδ' ἀ., in Trag., = ἐγώ, S.Aj.78, E.Alc. 690, etc.
    4 πᾶς ἀ. every man, every one, freq. in Pl.Lg. 736c, al., cf. E.Or. 1523.
    5 a man, any man,

    εἶτ' ἄνδρα τῶν αὑτοῦ τι χρὴ προϊέναι; Ar.Nu. 1214

    ;

    οὐ πρέπει νοῦν ἔχοντι ἀνδρί Pl.Phd. 114d

    , etc.; οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς.. ἐσθ' ὁ πλοῦς 'tis not every one that can go, Nicol.Com. 1.26.
    6

    ὦ δαιμόνι' ἀνδρῶν Eup.316

    ; and often with a [comp] Sup.,

    ὦ φίλτατ' ἀνδρῶν Phryn.Com.80

    , etc.
    7

    κατ' ἄνδρα

     viritim,

    Isoc. 12.180

    , POxy. 1047 iii 11, BGU145.5, etc.; so τοὺς κατ' ἄνδρα individuals, opp. κοινῇ τὴν πόλιν, D.Chr.32.6.
    8 In LXX, ἀνήρ = ἕκαστος, δότε μοι ἀνὴρ ἐνώτιον Jd.8.24; ἀ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ προσκολληθήσεται 'each to his fellow', of leviathan's scales, Jb.41.8; also

    ἀ. εἷς 4 Ki.6.2

    ; with negs., ἀ. μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω ib.10.19;

    ἀνὴρ ἀνήρ

     any one, Le.

    15.2

    .
    9 ἄνδρας γράφειν· τὸ ἐν διδασκάλου τὰ παιδία ὀνόματα γράφειν, Hsch.
    VII male animal, Arist.HA 637b15.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνήρ

  • 3 ὠφέλεια

    ὠφέλ-εια, ἡ, required by the metre (in iambics), S.El. 944, Ar. Th. 183; whereas [full] ὠφελία is required in E.Andr. 539 (anap.), Fr.78 (lyr.), Ar.Ec. 576 (lyr.): the best codd. of Pl. have ὠφελία more freq. than ὠφέλεια (although B always has ὠφέλεια in Phdr.), and ὠφελία is found in IG12.69.24 (v B. C., Prose), Hyp.Eux.9, and freq. in Phld., as Mus.p.54 K., al.: [dialect] Ion. [full] ὠφελίη Hdt.5.98, al., AP6.187 (Alph.):—
    A help, aid, succour, esp. in war,

    ἔπεμπον ἐς τὴν Ἐπίδαμνον.. τὴν ὠ. Th. 1.26

    , cf. 39;

    τὴν ὠ. παρέχειν τινί Id.3.13

    , cf. And.3.31;

    ὠ. ἀνδρὶ φέρειν E.Fr.78

     (lyr.);

    ὠ. προσλήψεσθαι Th.2.7

    ;

    ἀπό τινων εὑρίσκεσθαι Id.1.31

    ;

    τῆς ὠ. μεταλαμβάνειν Id.1.39

    ;

    τυγχάνειν Id.6.17

    ; ἐπάγεσθαί τινας ἐπ' ὠφελίᾳ for aid, Id.1.3, cf. 5.38; ἀποχρήσασθαι τῇ ἑκατέρου ἡμῶν ὠ. to make full use of the assistance or services we both can give, Id.6.17;

    μετὰ τῶν κειμένων νόμων ὠφελίας Id.3.82

    , cf. D.H. Th.31; οὐδὲν ἰατρικῆς δεῖται οὐδ' ὠφελίας or any other aid, Pl.Ly. 217a, cf. R. 559b; καὶ τοῖσιν ἑλκωθεῖσιν ὠφελίαν ( ὠφέλειαν codd., unmetrically)

    ἔχει Com.Adesp.106.8

    .
    II profit, advantage,

    βούλευμα ἀπ' οὗ.. οὐδεμία ἔμελλε ὠφελίη ἔσεσθαι Hdt.

     l. c.;

    εἴ τις ὠφέλειά γε S.El. 944

    ; τὴν κοινὴν ὠ. φυλάξαι the common interest of all, Th. 6.80;

    τίς ἂν εἴη ἡμῖν ὠ. εἰδόσιν αὐτό; Pl.Chrm. 167b

    ; opp. βλάβη, X.Cyr.6.2.13, Pl. (v. infr.2), etc.; opp. ζημία, X.Mem.2.3.6; ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ ἐστί τι ib.1.4.4: c. gen. subjecti, τὴν ὠ. τὴν τῶν τειχέων their utility, Hdt.7.139: c. gen. objecti, ἐπ' ὠφελίᾳ τῶν φίλων for their benefit, Pl.R. 334b; ὠφελίας ἕνεκα ib. 398b;

    ἐναντία τῇ ἑαυτῶν ὠ. And.2.2

    ; ἐν ὠ. ἐστί 'tis of use, X.Vect.4.35; after ὠφελεῖν, cf.

    ὠφελέω 1.5

    .
    2 source of gain or profit, service, freq. in pl.,

    τὰς ὠ. τὰς ἐκ τῆς στρατείας.. ἐσομένας Isoc.4.15

    ;

    αἱ κοιναὶ ὠ. Lys. 19.62

    ;

    αἱ ἀπὸ τινος γιγνόμεναι ὠ. Isoc.4.29

    ;

    ὠφελίας τε καὶ βλάβας ἀποδιδοῦσα Id.R.332d

    ;

    αἱ παρὰ τῶν μισθοδοτούντων αὐτοὺς ὠ. D.15.32

    .
    3 esp. gain made in war, spoil, booty, Plb.2.3.8, 3.82.8, Rev.Arch.6(1935).31 (pl., Amphipolis), LXX 2 Ma.8.20; ὠ. μεγάλαι καὶ

    λάφυρα Plu.2.255b

    ;

    ὠφελείας ἀθροῖσαι Id.Cleom.12

    ;

    πολλῆς ὠ. κυριεῦσαι D.S.15.36

    ;

    τὴν χώραν γέμειν ὠφελείας Plb.3.80.3

    ; τίθεσθαι τὰ χρήματα δι' ὠφελείας to regard as booty, D.H.7.37; so in the chase, game, X.Cyn.6.4; so of a thief,

    ὠ. ἑτοίμην καὶ κατειργασμένην ἀφῆκεν Antipho 2.1.4

    . (Prob. abstracted fr. οἰκ-ωφελία, which comes fr. οἶκον ὀφέλλειν 'to increase the οἶκος'; cf. ὄφελος.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὠφέλεια

  • 4 φαῦλος

    φαῦλος, η, ον, also ος, ον E.Hipp. 435, Fr.1083.9, Th.6.21: (cf. φλαῦρος):—
    A cheap, easy, slight, paltry, first found commonly in E., twicein Hdt.1.26, 126 ([comp] Comp., elsewh. φλαῦρος), six times in Democr., Fr.87, al., twice in S., Frr.41,771: Adv. φαύλως once in A.: A. Pers. 520.
    I of things, easy, slight,

    φ. ἀθλήσας πόνον E.Supp. 317

    ; φαυλότατον ἔργον ''tis as easy as lying', Ar.Eq. 213;

    φ. πρᾶγμα Id.Lys.14

    ;

    τὸ ζήτημα οὐ φ. Pl.R. 368c

    ;

    φ. ἐρώτημα Id.Phlb. 19a

    ;

    φαῦλον αὐτοῖς προστάξομεν Id.R. 423c

    : freq. with negat., οὐ φ., ἀλλὰ χαλεπὸν πιστεῦσαι ib. 527d;

    μάχη οὐ φ. Id.Tht. 179d

    ;

    οὐ φ. τέχνη Id.Sph. 223c

    ; οὔτοι βασιλέα φαῦλόν [ἐστι] κτανεῖν 'tis no slight matter to kill a king, E.El. 760; νυκτὸς γὰρ οὔτι φ. ἐμβαλεῖν στρατόν no easy matter, Id.Rh. 285;

    οὐ φ. πληγαί D.54.13

    ;

    φιλοῦσιν ἰατροὶ λέγειν τὰ φαῦλα μείζω Men.497

    ; φαῦλα ἐπιφέρειν bring paltry charges, Hdt.1.26; τὰ φ. νικήσας ἔχω have gained petty victories, S.Fr.41 (wrongly glossed by μέγα in Phot., Suid., and EM789.43, cf. Hsch); σύμμαχον Τροίᾳ μολόντα Ῥῆσον οὐ φαύλῳ τρόπῳ, i. e. with no trivial force, E.Rh. 599;

    παρὰ φαῦλον ποιεῖσθαί τι D.H.Rh.4.2

    , cf. Lib.Or.14.26. Adv. -λως εὑρεῖν, τυχεῖν, Ar.Eq. 404 (troch.), 509 (anap.);

    φ. πάνυ Id.Lys. 566

     (anap.); φ. ἐκφυγεῖν to get off easily, Id.Ach. 215 (lyr.);

    φ. ἀποδράς Id.Th. 711

     (lyr.);

    φαυλότατα καὶ ῥᾷστα Id.Nu. 778

    ; οὔτι φαύλως ἦλθε with no trivial force, E.Ph. 112;

    φ. βοηθήσειν D.15.13

    ;

    φαύλως καὶ γλίσχρως παρείχοντο χρήματα Hell.Oxy.14.2

    ; τὰς ἐλπίδας φ. ἔχειν to be slight, Hdn.1.3.1.
    2 simple, ordinary,

    δίαιτα Hp.Fract.36

    , Art.49, Eur.Fr.213.4;

    σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ φαυλότατα X.Mem.1.6.2

    , cf. Hp. Vict.3.68 ([comp] Comp.); but freq. with sense poor, indifferent,

    στρατιά Th.6.21

    ; ἀσπίδες, τείχισμα, παρασκευή, Id.4.9.115, 6.31;

    ἱμάτιον X.

     l. c. Adv.

    -λως, διατρίβειν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl.Tht. 173c

    ;

    μὴ φ. μηδὲ ἰδιωτικῶς Id.Lg. 966e

    .
    3 mean, bad,

    πρῆξις Democr.177

    ;

    λόγοι E. Andr. 870

    ,

    ψόγος Id.Ph.94

     (perh. both in signf. 1.1 and in 1.3);

    οὐ φ. ὄψις Pl.R. 519a

    ;

    φ. δόξα D.24.205

    ;

    τὰ πράγματ' ἐστὶ φ. Id.19.30

    ;

    φαῦλα διαπεπραγμένος Philem.229

    ;

    ὁ φαῦλα πράττων Ev.Jo.3.20

    ;

    μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φ. Ep.Rom.9.11

    ;

    τὸ φ.

     evil,

    E.IT 390

    ; τὰ φ., opp. τὰ ἀγαθά, X.Smp.4.47; τύχη φ., opp. ἀγαθή, Arist.Ph. 197a26, cf. Metaph. 1065a35;

    τὴν πόλιν μηθὲμ φ. παθεῖν OGI765.35

     ([place name] Priene); κομίσασθαι.. εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φ., of rewards and punishments, 2 Ep.Cor.5.10;

    φ. μαίωσις Sor.2.17

    , cf. 1.91, al.
    II of persons, low in rank, mean, common, E.Fr. 688; οἱ φαυλότατοι the commonest sort (of soldiers), Th.7.77; [γάμος] ὁ ἐκ τῶν φαυλοτέρων, opp. ἐκ μειζόνων, X.Hier.1.27, cf. Pl.R. 475b; of outward looks,

    αἱ φαυλότεραι

     the plainer ones,

    Ar.Ec. 617

    , cf. 626 ([comp] Comp., both anap.).
    2 inefficient, bad,

    διδάσκαλος S.Fr.771.3

    ; τὸ φ. καὶ τὸ μέσον καὶ τὸ πάνυ ἀκριβές the inefficient, the middling, and the perfect, Th.6.18; φ. αὐλητής, opp. ἀγαθός, Pl.Prt. 327c;

    τοξότης Id.Tht. 194a

    ;

    οὐ δὲ φαύλων ἀνδρῶν οὐδὲ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων Id.Cra. 390d

    ; opp. σπουδαῖος, Isoc.1.1, Pl.Lg. 757a, etc.; esp. in point of education and accomplishments, opp.

    σοφός, οἱ γὰρ ἐν σοφοῖς φαῦλοι παρ' ὄχλῳ μουσικώτεροι λέγειν E.Hipp. 989

    , cf. Ph. 496, Ion 834, Pl.Smp. 174c, Alc.1.129a;

    τὸ πλῆθος τὸ -ότερον E.Ba. 431

     (lyr.); οἱ -ότεροι, opp. to οἱ ξυνετώτεροι, Th.3.37; οἱ φαυλότεροι γνώμην ib.83;

    τὰ γράμματα φαῦλοι Pl.Phdr. 242c

     (so in Adv.,

    φαυλοτέρως πεπαιδευμένοι Id.Lg. 876d

    ); generally, inferior, Id.Grg. 483c: c. inf.,

    φαῦλοι μάχεσθαι E.IT 305

    ; φ. λέγειν, φ. διαλεχθῆναι, Pl.Tht. 181b, Prt. 336c: of animals,

    φ. κύων D.26.22

    ;

    φαυλότατοι ἵπποι X.Mem.4.1.3

    .
    3 careless, thoughtless, indifferent, E.Med. 807:—esp. in Adv., φαύλως ἐκρίνατε judged lightly, A.Pers. 520;

    φ. εὕδειν E.Rh. 769

    ;

    οὐχ ὧδε φ. Id. Ion 1546

    ;

    φ. παραινεῖν

     off-hand,

    Id.HF89

    ;

    λόγισαι φαύλως μὴ ψήφοις ἀλλ' ἀπὸ χειρός

     off-hand, roughly,

    Ar.V. 656

     (anap.);

    φ. εἰπεῖν

     casually,

    Pl.R. 449c

    ; φ. φέρειν to bear lightly, E. IA 850, Ar.Av. 961.
    4 in good sense, simple, unaffected,

    φαῦλον, ἄκομψον, τὰ μέγιστ' ἀγαθόν E.Fr. 473

     (anap.), cf. D.L.3.63. Adv.

    -λως, παιδεύειν τινά

     by a very simple method,

    X.Oec.13.4

    ;

    φ. καὶ βραχέως ἀποκρίνασθαι Pl.Tht. 147c

    .
    5 of health, etc., φαύλως ἔχειν to be ill, Hp.Aph.2.32; φ. πράττειν to be in sorry plight, Men. Sam. 165;

    φ. ἔχει τὰ πράγματα D.10.3

    , al.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φαῦλος

  • 5 ὄχλος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: 1. `(orderless, moved) crowd, (common) multitude, great mass, throng', pl. `crowd, people'; 2. `disturbance, perturbation, annoyance' (Pi., IA.).
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀχλο-κρατία f. `mob-rule' (Plb., Plu., s. lit. on δημοκρατία), ἄ-οχλος `without disturbances, not disturbing' (Hp.).
    Derivatives: Adj. 1. ὀχλ-ηρός `bothersome, annoying' (IA.) with - ηρία f. (LXX); 2. - ικός `belonging to a great multitude, mobbish' (hell.); 3. - ώδης `annoying' (IA.), `popular, common' (Plu.). Subst. 4. ὀχλεύς μοχλός, στρόφιγξ, δεσμός... H.; ἐποχλεύς m. `sprag on a cart' (Ath.), prob. for *ἐποχεύς; ἐποχλίζομαι `to be bolted' (Apollon. Lex.). -- Denominative verbs 5. ὀχλέω `to put in (rolling) motion, to roll away' (Φ 261; ἀν-οχλέω = ἀν-οχλίζω S. E.), `to disturb, to perturb, to bother' (Ion., hell.; w. prefix, esp. ἐν-, also Att.); from it ὄχλ-ησις ( ἐν- ὄχλος) f. `bothering, interference, perturbation' (Democr., hell.), ( ἐν-)ὄχλ-ημα `id.' (Epicur., medic.), ὀχλητι-κός = ὀχλικός (Procl.); 6. ὀχλεύονται = ὀχλεῦνται κυλινδοῦνται H.; 7. ὀχλ-ίζω, also w. μετ-, ἀν- a.o., `to pull up, out of place' (Il.); 8. ὀχλ-άζω `to be disturbed, confused' (LXX).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1118] *u̯eǵh- `move, drive, ride'
    Etymology: The orig. meaning of the verbal nouns ὄχλος, which was concretized as `heap, crowd', cannot be established with more certainty; in the sense of `perturbation etc.' it may have been influenced by ὀχλέω (cf. Bosshardt 78). If one starts from *Ϝόχ-(σ)λο-ς (on the possible loss of a Ϝ- in Hom. s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125), ὄχλος agrees well with the well-known verb for `drive, carry, bring, move' in Ϝέχω (s. 2. ἔχω), ὀχέομαι, Lat. vehō etc., IE *u̯oǵh-(s)lo-; cf. the interpretations of Sealey Glotta 37, 281 ff. The broad sphere of meaning gives several possibiliies: *'driving, carrying, moving', resp. as nom. agentis or instr. *'driver, carryer, mover'. -- Formally identical is OWNo. vagl m. `tiebeam, roost' (prop. *'bearing-bar, carrier'). To the denominative ὀχλ-ίζω `raise', ὀχλ-έω `roll away' and to ὀχλ-εύς `lever etc.' agree semantically the primary nouns Lat. vec-tis and OWNo. vǫg (IE *u̯oǵhā) `lever'. From *`move, movement' one gets both to `moved mass, mob' and to `spiritual movement, unrest'; the same holds for the denominative ὀχλέω (cf. turba, - āre). -- Uncertain supposition on cross with μοχλός, - έω in Güntert Reimwortbildungen 161 f. Older hypothesis in Bq (rejected). Wrong Belardi Doxa 3, 217. -- Further lit. s. ὄχος.
    Page in Frisk: 2,456-457

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄχλος

  • 6 πρός

    πρός, Prep., expressing direction,
    A on the side of, in the direction of, hence c. gen., dat., and acc., from, at, to: [dialect] Ep. also [full] προτί and [full] ποτί, in Hom. usually c. acc., more rarely c. dat., and each only once c. gen., Il.11.831, 22.198:—dialectal forms: [dialect] Dor.[full] ποτί (q. v.) and [full] ποί, but Cret. [full] πορτί Leg.Gort.5.44, etc., Argive [full] προτ( [full] ί) Schwyzer 84.3 (found at Tylisus, V B.C.), restored in Mnemos.57.208(Argos, vi B.C.), and in Alcm.30; Arc., Cypr. [full] πός SIG306.11 (Tegea, iv B.C.), Inscr.Cypr. 135.19H., also sts. in Asia Minor in compds., v. ποσάγω, ποσφέρω; [dialect] Aeol. [full] πρός Sapph.69 ([etym.] προς-), 109, Alc.20 (s. v.l.); [full] πρές Jo.Gramm. Comp.3.10; Pamphylian περτ ([etym.] ί) Schwyzer 686.7, 686a4. (With [full] προτί, [full] πρός cf. Skt. práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slav. protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Lat. pretium: [full] ποτί (q. v.) and [full] πός are not cogn.) A. WITH GEN., πρός refers to that from which something comes:
    I of Place, from,

    ἵκετο ἠὲ π. ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων Od. 8.29

    ;

    τὸν π. Σάρδεων ἤλεκτρον S.Ant. 1037

     (v.l.).
    2 on the side of, towards, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος towards Elis, Od.21.347; π. ἁλός, π. Θύμβρης, Il.10.428, 430;

    εἶναι π. θαλάσσης Hdt.2.154

    ;

    ἱδρῦσθαι π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου Id.8.120

    ;

    ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο π. Ὀλύνθου Th.1.62

    , etc.; φυλακαὶ π. Αἰθιόπων, π. Ἀραβίων, π. Διβύης, on the frontier towards the Ethiopians, etc., Hdt.2.30: freq. with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν π. βορέαο, αἱ δ' αὖ π. νότου one on the north side, the other on the south side, Od.13.110;

    οἰκέουσι π. νότου ἀνέμου Hdt.3.101

    ; π. ἄρκτου τε καὶ βορέω ἀνέμου κατοικημένοι ib. 102; π. μεσαμβρίης ib. 107; π. τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος (in such phrases the acc. is more common) Id.1.84;

    π. Πλαταιῶν Th. 3.21

    ;

    π. Νεμέας Id.5.59

    ; ἀπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ π. τοῦ λιμένος ἅπαν everything on the harbour- ward side of this road, IG12.892: combined with π. c. acc.,

    π. ἠῶ τε καὶ τοῦ Τανάϊδος Hdt.4.122

    ;

    τὸν μέν π. βορέω ἑστεῶτα, τὸν δὲ π. νότον Id.2.121

    , cf. 4.17.
    3 before, in presence of,

    μάρτυροι ἔστων π. τε θεῶν μακάρων π. τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Il.1.339

    ;

    οὐδ' ἐπιορκήσω π. δαίμονος 19.188

    ; ποίτοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος .. ὑπίσχομαι prob. in IG22.1126.7 (Amphict. Delph., iv B. C.); ὑποσχομένους πρὸς τοῦ Διός ib.1237.16: hence,
    b in the eyes of,

    ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπων Th.1.71

    , cf. X.An.1.6.6, etc.; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Lex ap.And.1.97; κατειπάτω.. ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, SIG986.9, cf. 17 (Chios, v/iv B. C.);

    ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει Pi.P.4.286

    .
    4 in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of,

    σε.. γουνάζομαι.. π. τ' ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Od.11.67

    ;

    π. θεῶν πατρῴων S.Ant. 839

     (lyr.), etc.; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., D.28.20, etc.: the verb is freq. omitted with π. θεῶν or τῶν θεῶν, E.Hec. 551, S.OT 1037, Ar.V. 760;

    π. τοῦ Διός Id.Av. 130

    : less freq. with other words,

    π. τῆς ἑστίας E.Fr.953.39

    ;

    π. Χαρίτων Luc.Hist.Conscr.14

    ;

    μὴ π. γενείου S.El. 1208

    ;

    μὴ π. ξενίας τᾶς σᾶς Id.OC 515

     (lyr.): sts. in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστίν; in heaven's name, D.1.15;

    π. τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς.. ; Din.1.45

    ;

    ἆρ' οὖν, ὦ π. Διός,.. ; Pl.R. 459a

    , cf. Ap. 26e: sts. in Trag. with the pron. σε between prep. and case,

    π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός.. ἱκνοῦμαι S.Ph. 468

    ;

    μὴ π. σε γονάτων E.Med. 324

    .
    5 of origin or descent, from, on the side of, γένος ἐξ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ τὰ π. πατρός by the father's side, Hdt.7.99;

    Ἀθηναῖον.. καὶ τὰ π. πατρὸς καὶ τὰ π. μητρός D.57.17

    , cf. Isoc.3.42, SIG1015.7 (Halic.); πρόγονοι ἢ π. ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν in the male or female line, Pl.Tht. 173d;

    ὁ πατὴρ π. μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἦν τῶν Εὐπατριδῶν Isoc.16.25

    ;

    οἱ συγγενεῖς τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ π. ἀνδρῶν καὶ π. γυναικῶν D.57.23

    ; οἱ π. αἵματος blood-relations, S.Aj. 1305;

    ἢ φίλων τις ἢ π. αἵματος φύσιν Id.El. 1125

    .
    II of effects proceeding from what cause soever:
    1 from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc.,

    ὡς ἂν.. τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων Δαναῶν Il.16.85

    , cf. 1.160, etc.;

    τιμὴν π. Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες Od.11.302

    ;

    δίδοι οἱ.. χάριν ποτ' ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων Pi.O.7.90

    ;

    ἄνθεα τιμῆς πρὸς θνητῶν ἀνελέσθαι Emp.4.7

    ;

    φυλακῆς π. δήμου κυρῆσαι Hdt.1.59

    ;

    τυχεῖν τινος π. θεῶν A.Th. 550

    , cf. S.Aj. 527;

    λαχὼν π. δαιμόνων ὄλβον Pi.N.9.45

    ;

    κακόν τι π. θεῶν ἢ π. ἀνθρώπων λαβεῖν Hdt.2.139

    , etc.;

    μανθάνειν π. ἀστῶν S.OC13

    : with passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to have been taught by.., Il.11.831, cf. S.OT 357;

    ἄριστα πεποίηται.. πρὸς Τρώων Il.6.57

    ; αἴσχε' ἀκούω π. Τρώων ib. 525, cf. Heraclit.79;

    ταῦτα.. π. τούτου κλύειν S.OT 429

    ;

    οὐ λέγεται π. οὐδαμῶν Hdt.1.47

    ; ἀτιμάζεσθαι, τετιμῆσθαι π. τινῶν, ib.61,2.75; also

    λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶν Id.1.120

    ; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of, ib.73;

    π. ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν E. Ph. 1269

    , cf. S.OT 1237; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν ib. 949;

    τὸ ποιεύμενον π. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων Hdt.7.209

    ;

    αἰτηθέντες π. τινὸς χρήματα Id.8.111

    ;

    ἱμέρου βέλει π. σοῦ τέθαλπται A.Pr. 650

    : with an Adj. or Subst.,

    τιμήεσσα π. πόσιος Od.18.162

    ;

    ἐπίφθονος π. τῶν πλεόνων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.7.139

    ;

    ἔρημος π. φίλων S.Ant. 919

    ;

    ἀπαθὴς π. ἀστῶν Pi.P.4.297

    ;

    πειθὼ π. τινός S.El. 562

    ;

    π. Τρώων.. κλέος εἶναι Il.22.514

    ; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, S.OC73, E.Heracl. 624 (lyr.);

    ἐλίπετο ἀθάνατον μνήμην π. Ἑλλησποντίων Hdt.4.144

    : with an Adv., οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, X.An.2.3.18, cf. Pl.R. 463d.
    2 of things, π. τίνος ποτ' αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? S.OT 1236; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of.., Id.Ant.51.
    III of dependence or close connexion: hence,
    1 dependent on one, under one's protection,

    π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε Od.6.207

    ,14.57; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, Il.1.239; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, 6.456.
    2 on one's side, in one's favour, Hdt.1.75, 124, S.OT 1434, Tr. 479, etc.;

    π. τῶν ἐχόντων.. τὸν νόμον τίθης E.Alc. 57

    .
    IV of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like,

    τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐης Hdt.7.153

    , cf.5.12; ἦ κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, A.Ag. 592, cf. 1636;

    οὐ π. ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδάς S.Aj. 581

    , cf. Ar.V. 369, E.Hel. 950, etc.;

    π. σοῦ ἐστι Id.HF 585

    , etc.;

    οὐκ ἦν π. τοῦ Κύρου τρόπου X.An. 1.2.11

    , etc.: of qualities, etc.,

    π. δυσσεβείας A.Ch. 704

    ; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, S.OT 1014, cf.El. 1211;

    οὐ π. τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης Th.3.59

    ; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου ᾖ if it be at all to our purpose, Pl.Grg. 459c;

    εἰ τόδε π. τρόπου λέγω

     correctly,

    Id.R. 470c

    ; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, Thphr.Char.30.12;

    τὰ γενήματα π. ἐλάσσονος τιμᾶς πωλῶν IG5(2).515.14

     ([place name] Lycosura); π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, Arist.Mu. 397a30, Arr.An.7.16.5, Hld.7.12; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, Plu.Cic.13;

    π. δέους λαβεῖν τι Id.Flam.7

    ; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (v.l. ὀργήν) J.AJ8.1.3; μοι π. εὐκλείας γένοιτο ib. 18.7.7; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, Lib.Decl.43.27,28.
    B WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at,

    ποτὶ γαίῃ Od.8.190

    , 11.423;

    ποτὶ γούνασι Il.5.408

    ; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, 14.398 (nisi leg. περί)

    ; πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύειν Pi.P.1.86

    ; ποτὶ γραμμᾷ στᾶσαί τινα ib.9.118; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντων ib.4.24;

    δῆσαί τινα πρὸς φάραγγι A.Pr.15

    ;

    νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ π. κύματι Id.Th. 210

    ;

    π. μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ S.Tr. 371

    ;

    π. Ἀργείων στρατῷ Id.Aj.95

    ;

    π. πέδῳ κεῖται Id.OT 180

     (lyr.); θακεῖν π. ναοῖς ib.20, cf. A.Eu. 855;

    π. ἡλίου ναίουσι πηγαῖς Id.Pr. 808

    ;

    π. τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν Th. 7.34

    ; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (v.l. ὑπ')

    αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει Id.2.79

    ;

    τεῖχος π. τῇ θαλάσσῃ Id.3.105

    ;

    αἱ π. θαλάττῃ πόλεις X.HG4.8.1

    ; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, Th.1.105; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on.., ib. 104; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, S.OT 130, etc.; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π... πήματι over it, Id.Aj. 582; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, Euc.1.5,al.;

    τὴν π. τῷ.. ιερῷ κρήνην IG22.338.13

    , cf. SIG1040.15 (Piraeus, iv B. C.), al.
    2 before, in the presence of, π. τοῖς θεσμοθέταις, π. τῷ διαιτητῇ λέγειν, D. 20.98,39.22;

    ὅσα π. τοῖς κριταῖς γέγονεν Id.21.18

    ;

    π. διαιτητῇ φεύγειν Id.22.28

    .
    3 with Verbs denoting motion towards a place, upon, against,

    ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ Il.1.245

    , Od.2.80;

    με βάλῃ.. ποτὶ πέτρῃ 5.415

    , cf. 7.279, 9.284;

    νῆας ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν 3.298

    , cf. 5.401; λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking on the ground, Il.20.420;

    ἴσχοντες πρὸς ταῖς πόλεσι Th.7.35

    .
    4 sts. with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, Il.20.418;

    προτὶ οἷ εἷλε 21.507

    ;

    πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται Od.5.329

    ;

    προσπεπλασμένας.. π. ὄρεσι Hdt.3.111

    ; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of.., S.Ant. 1189;

    π. τινί

     close to,

    Men. Epit. 204

    .
    II to express close engagement, at the point of,

    π. αὐτῷ γ' εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν S.OT 1169

    ; engaged in or about,

    π. τῷ εἰρημένῳ λόγῳ ἦν Pl.Phd. 84c

    , cf. Phdr. 249c, 249d;

    ἂν π. τῷ σκοπεῖν.. γένησθε D.18.176

    ;

    ἀεὶ π. ᾧ εἴη ἔργῳ, τοῦτο ἔπραττεν X. HG4.8.22

    ; διατρίβειν or σχολάζειν π. τινί, Epicr.11.3 (anap.), Arist. Pol. 1308b36 (but

    π. ταῦτα ἐσχόλασα X.Mem.3.6.6

    );

    ὅλος εἶναι π. τῷ λήμματι D.19.127

    ;

    π. τῇ ἀνάγκῃ ταύτῃ γίγνεσθαι Aeschin.1.74

    ; τὴν διάνοιαν, τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν π. τινί, Pl.R. 500b, Aeschin.3.192; κατατάξαι αὐτὸν π. γράμμασιν, i.e. give him a post as clerk, PCair.Zen. 342.3 (iii B. C.);

    ὁ π. τοῖς γράμμασι τεταγμένος Plb.15.27.7

    , cf. 5.54.7, D.S.2.29,3.22;

    ἐπιμελητὴς π. τῇ εἰκασίᾳ τοῦ σησάμου PTeb.713.2

    , cf.709.1 (ii B. C.).
    III to express union or addition, once in Hom., ἄασάν μ' ἕταροί τε κακοὶ π. τοῖσί τε ὕπνος and besides them sleep, Od.10.68;

    π. τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα

     in addition to,

    A.Pr. 323

    , cf. Pers. 531, Xenoph.8.3. Emp.59.3;

    ἄλλους π. ἑαυτῷ Th.1.90

    ; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] Id.6.90;

    δέκα μῆνας π. ἄλλοις πέντε S.Tr.45

    ;

    τρίτος.. π. δέκ' ἄλλαισιν γοναῖς A.Pr. 774

    ; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Pl.R. 397e: freq. with neut. Adjs., π. τῷ νέῳ ἁπαλός besides his youth, Id.Smp. 195c, cf. Tht. 185e;

    π. τῷ βλαβερῷ καὶ ἀηδέστατον Id.Phdr. 240b

    ; π. τούτοισι besides this, Hdt.2.51, cf. A.Pers. 237 (troch.), etc.; rarely in sg.,

    π. τούτῳ Hdt.1.31

    ,41; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Th.2.61, etc.:—cf. the Advb. usage, infr. D.
    C WITH ACCUS., it expresses motion or direction towards an object:
    I of Place, towards, to, with Verbs of Motion,

    ἰέναι π. Ὄλυμπον Il.1.420

    ; ἰέναι π. δώματα, etc., Od.2.288, etc.;

    ἰέναι π. ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε Il.12.239

    ; φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, ἄγειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, etc., 13.538, 657, etc.; ἄγεσθαιπρὸς οἶκον, ἐρύεσθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον, 9.147,18.174; ὠθεῖν, δίεσθαι προτὶ ἄστυ, 16.45, 15.681, etc.;

    ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα Od.8.374

    ;

    βαλεῖν ποτὶ πέτρας 12.71

    ;

    κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον 9.147

    ; ἀπῆλθε πρὸς ἑαυτόν returned to his home, LXX Nu.24.25; κληθῆναι π. τὸ δεῖπνον (rarer than ἐπὶ δεῖπνον) Plu. Cat.Ma.3.
    2 with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, π. τεῖχος, π. κίονα ἐρείσας, Il.22.112, Od.8.66;

    ἅρματα.. ἔκλιναν π. ἐνώπια Il.8.435

    ;

    ἔγχος ἔστησε π. κίονα Od.1.127

    ;

    ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες 2.342

    ;

    ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι 22.334

    ;

    πρὸς γοῦνα καθέζετό τινος 18.395

    ;

    π. ἄλλοτ' ἄλλον πημονὴ προσιζάνει A.Pr. 278

    ;

    τὰ πολλὰ πατρὸς π. τάφον κτερίσματα S.El. 931

    ; χῶρον π. αὐτὸν τόνδ' dub. in Id.Ph.23; later,

    ἔστη π. τὸν στῦλον LXX 4 Ki.23.3

    ;

    ὁ ὄχλος π. τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἦσαν Ev.Marc.4.1

    ; π. ὑμᾶς παραμενῶ with you, 1 Ep.Cor.16.6;

    ἐκήδευσαν τὸν.. πατέρα.. π. τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγενεῖς

     beside,

    Supp.Epigr.6.106

     ([place name] Cotiaeum).
    b of addition,

    ποὶ τὰν στάλαν ποιγραψάνσθω τάδε SIG56.46

    (Argos, v B. C.);

    ἵππον προσετίθει πρὸς τοὔνομα Ar.Nu.63

    , cf. Hdt.6.125, X.HG1.5.6, Pl.Phlb. 33c, Arist.Rh. 1359b28; προσεδαπάνησε π. τὸ μερισθὲν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων over and above the sum allotted to him, IG22.1227.9; προσετέθη π. τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered to his people, LXX Ge.49.33.
    3 with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards,

    ἰδεῖν π. τινά Od.12.244

    , al.; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, A.Supp. 725, Ar.Ach. 291, etc.;

    ἀνταυγεῖ π. Ὄλυμπον Emp.44

    ; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, Il.11.622 (similarly, πέτονται πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα against the wind, Arist.HA 597a32); κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, Il.8.364: freq. of points of the compass, π. ζόφον κεῖσθαι lie towards the West, Od.9.26;

    ναίειν π. ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε 13.240

    ;

    στάντα π. πρώτην ἕω S.OC 477

    ; so in Prose,

    π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς Hdt. 1.201

    , cf. 4.40;

    π. βορέην τε καὶ νότον Id.2.149

    ; also

    ἀκτὴ π. Τυρσηνίην τετραμμένη τῆς Σικελίης Id.6.22

     (v. supr. A. 1.2); π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, Ar.V. 772; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, Id. Pax 692, Jul.Ep.4;

    π. τὸ λύχνον Hippon.22

     Diehl, cf. Arist.Mete. 375a27;

    πὸτ τὸ πῦρ Ar.Ach. 751

    ;

    πρὸς τὸ πῦρ Pl.R. 372d

    , cf. Arist.Pr. 870a21; π. φῶς in open day, S.El. 640; but, by torch-light, Plu.2.237a.
    4 in hostile sense, against,

    π. Τρῶας μάχεαι Il.17.471

    ;

    ἐστρατόωνθ'.. π. τείχεα Θήβης 4.378

    ; π. δαίμονα against his will, 17.98;

    βεβλήκει π. στῆθος 4.108

    ;

    γούνατ' ἐπήδα π. ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος 21.303

    ;

    χρὴ π. θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν Pi.P.2.88

    ;

    π. τοὐμὸν σπέρμα χωρήσαντα S.Tr. 304

    ;

    ἐπιέναι π. τινάς Th.2.65

    ;

    ὅσα ἔπραξαν οἱ Ἕλληνες π. τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον Id.1.118

    ;

    ἀγωνίζεσθαι π. τινά Pl.R. 579c

    ;

    ἀντιτάττεσθαι π. πόλιν X.Cyr.3.1.18

    : also in argument, in reply to,

    ταῦτα π. τὸν Πιττακὸν εἴρηται Pl.Prt. 345c

    ; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, less strong than κατά τινος against or in accusation, D.20 tit., etc.;

    μήτε π. ἐμὲ μήτε κατ' ἐμοῦ δίκην εἶναι Is.11.34

    .
    5 without any hostile sense,

    π. ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ' ἀγόρευον Il.3.155

    ,cf.5.274,11.403,17.200;

    π.ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι Od.17.584

    ; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν, φράζειν π. τινά, Hdt. 1.8,90, Ar.V. 335, Nu. 359;

    ἀπαγγεῖλαι π. τινάς A.Ch. 267

    ;

    μνησθῆναι π. τινά Lys.1.19

    , etc.;

    ἀμείψασθαι π. τινά Hdt.8.60

     codd.;

    ἀποκρίνεσθαι π. τινάς Ar.Ach. 632

    , Th.5.42; ὤμοσε δὲ π. ἔμ' αὐτόν he swore to me, Od.14.331: π. sts. governs the reflex. pron.,

    διαλογίζεσθαι π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς Is.7.45

    ; ἀναμνήσθητε, ἐνθυμήθητε π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, Isoc.6.52, 15.60;

    π. ἐμαυτὸν.. ἐλογιζόμην Pl.Ap. 21d

    ; μινύρεσθαι, ἄδειν π. ἑαυτόν, Ar.Ec. 880, 931;

    ἐπικωκύω.. αὐτὴ π. αὑτήν S.El. 285

    .
    b π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, Hp.Nat.Puer. 30.
    6 of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π... Διομήδεα τεύχε' ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, Il.6.235;

    ὅσα.. ξυμβόλαια.. ἦν τοῖς ἰδιώταις π. τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἢ ἰδιώτῃ π. τὸ κοινόν IG12.116.19

    ; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, Th.4.15, Plb.1.17.6;

    ξυγχωρεῖν π. τινάς Th.2.59

    ;

    γίγνεται ὁμολογία π. τινάς Id.7.82

    , cf. Hdt. 1.61;

    π. τινὰς ξυμμαχίαν ποιεῖς θαι Th.5.22

    ;

    π. ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ π. τοὺς ἄλλους.. εἰρήνην ἦγον Isoc.7.51

    ;

    π. ἀλλήλους ἔχθραι τε καὶ στέργηθρα A.Pr. 491

    ; also

    σαίνειν ποτὶ πάντας Pi.P.2.82

    , cf. O.4.6;

    παίζειν πρός τινας E.HF 952

    , etc.;

    ἀφροδισιάζειν π. τινά X.Mem.1.3.14

    ;

    ἀγαθὸς γίγνεσθαι π. τινά Th.1.86

    ;

    εὐσεβὴς π. τινὰς πέλειν A.Supp. 340

    ; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with.., X.Mem.1.6.1, Aeschin.2.38,40, 3.219;

    κοινοῦσθαι π. τινάς Pl.Lg. 930c

    ;

    π. τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων Thphr.Char.4.2

    ; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with.., D.52.3, cf. SIG241.127 (Delph., iv B. C.);

    ἃ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόν IG12(7).55.8

     (Amorgos, iv/iii B. C.), cf. D. 47.34.
    b in phrases of the form ἡ π. τινὰ εὔνοια (ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sts. means towards, as ἡ π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, X.Cyr.3.1.39;

    ἡ π. ὑμᾶς ἔχθρα Id.HG3.5.10

    ;

    ἡ ἀπέχθεια ἡ π. τοὺς πλουσίους Arist.Pol. 1305a23

    ;

    τὴν π. τοὺς τετελευτηκότας εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσαν D.18.314

    , cf. SIG352.13 (Ephesus, iv/iii B. C.), al.;

    φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινά IG12(5).305.13

     ([place name] Paros): but sts. at the hands of, ἡ π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, Th.5.105; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, Id.2.45; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους.. τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, D.18.36, cf.6.3, 19.85; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, Is.1.17, cf. Pl.Ap. 21c, 28a, Isoc.15.101,19.50, Lycurg.135, Din.1.19, etc.;

    τίνος ὄντος ἐμοὶ π. ὑμᾶς ἐγκλήματος; Lys.10.23

    , cf. 16.10;

    τιμώμενος.. διὰ τὴν π. ὑμᾶς πίστιν Din.3.12

    , cf. Lys.12.67, D.20.25; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, Id.25.93; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, Plb.23.7.5.
    7 of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc.,

    τάδε ὁ σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο.. π. μνήμονας SIG45.8

     (Halic., v B. C.), cf. IG7.15.1 (Megara, ii B. C.); γράφεσθαι αὐτὸν κλοπῆς.. π. τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς ib.12.65.46; ἀτέλειαν εἶναι αὐτῷ καὶ δίκας π. τὸν πολέμαρχον ib.153.7; λόγον διδόντων τῶν.. χρημάτων.. π. τοὺς λογιστάς ib.91.27; before a jury,

    ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν Lys. 26.14

    ;

    ἀντιδικῆσαι τῷ παιδὶ.. π. ὑμᾶς Is.11.19

     codd. (dub.); before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, Id.3.25;

    ὀμόσαντες πὸ (τ) τὸν θεόν Schwyzer 418.11

     ([place name] Elis); φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸ (τ) τὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, ib.415.7(ibid.); λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, D.43.15, Lex ib.21.47, cf. Arist.Ath.56.6;

    τοῖς ἐμπόροις εἶναι τὰς δίκας π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας D.33.1

    ; θέντων τὰ.. ποτήρια.. π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., IPE12.32A15 (Olbia, iii B. C.); also

    διαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούς X. Mem. 1.2.31

    , cf. D.7.33.
    II of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about,

    ποτὶ ἕσπερα Od.17.191

    ;

    ποτὶἕσπερον Hes.Op. 552

    ;

    πρὸς ἑσπέραν Pl.R. 328a

    ;

    ἐπεὶ π. ἑσπέραν ἦν X.HG4.3.22

    ;

    π. ἡμέραν Id.An.4.5.21

    ;

    π. ὄρθρον Ar.Lys. 1089

    ; ποτ' ὄρθρον (nisi leg. πότορθρον) Theoc.5.126, Erinn. in PSI9.1090.48 + 8 (p.xii);

    πρὸς ἕω Ar.Ec. 312

    ; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, Theoc.18.55, Pl.Smp. 223c; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, E.Med. 592, Pl.Lg. 653a; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, Pi.O.1.67; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, IG22.1368.41: later, π.τὸ παρόν for the moment, Luc.Ep. Sat.28, etc.; v. infr. 111.5.
    III of Relation between two objects,
    1 in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., Th.2.17, etc.; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, D.14.2; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, Th.1.128; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, S.Ph. 1441;

    μέτεστι π. τὰ ἴδια διάφορα πᾶσι τὸ ἴσον.. ἐλευθέρως δὲ τὰ π. τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύομεν Th.2.37

    ;

    οὐδὲν διοίσει π. τὸ γενέσθαι..

     in respect of..,

    Arist.APr. 24a25

    , cf. Pl.Phd. 111b; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, D.18.44, cf. 21,60, Isoc.4.12; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, PAmh.91.18 (ii A. D.);

    π. τοῦτον ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις LXX 2 Ma.4.28

    ; ἐὰν.. βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, D.40.61; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. ap.Plb.39.2.3, Suid.; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, D.21.44;

    λόγος ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ π. Ἀθηναίους Philonid. 1

     D.;

    π. Ἰάσονά ἐστιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς τιμῆς PHamb.27.8

     (iii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen.150.18 (iii B. C.); ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (sc. ὁ λόγος ) he shall have to reckon with God, Supp.Epigr.6.188, cf. 194, al. ([place name] Eumenia); without αὐτῷ, ib.236 ([place name] Phrygia);

    ἔσται π. τὴν Τριάδαν MAMA1.168

    , cf. Supp.Epigr.6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); ἕξει π. τὸν Θεόν ib.300, al. (ibid.); ἕξει π. τὴν ἐωνίαν κρίσιν ib.4.733 ([place name] Eukhaita), cf. 6.841 ([place name] Cyprus);

    π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάς Suid.

     s.v. ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.5.12: with Advbs.,

    ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν π. τι X.Mem.1.3.14

    , etc.; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, Arist.Cat. 1b25, 6a36, al.; τὸ π. τι, Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.8; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opp. ἁπλῶς, Arist.APo. 72a1; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί c. acc., perpendicular to, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.3, Spir.20; ἁ Δζ ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ ἀμβλεῖαν ποιεῖ γωνίαν ib.16.
    2 in reference to, in consequence of,

    πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα Hdt.3.52

    , cf. 4.161;

    π. τὴν φήμην

     in view of..,

    Id.3.153

    , cf. Th.8.39;

    χαλεπαίνειν π. τι Id.2.59

    ;

    ἀθύμως ἔχειν π. τι X.HG4.5.4

    , etc.: with neut. Pron.,

    π. τί;

     wherefore? to what end?

    S.OT 766

    , 1027, etc.; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, Id.Aj. 1018; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, Sch.Il.9.23;

    π. ταῦτα

     therefore, this being so,

    Hdt.5.9

    ,40, A.Pr. 915, 992, S.OT 426, etc.; cf. οὗτος c. v111.1b.
    3 in reference to or for a purpose,

    ἕστηκεν.. μῆλα π. σφαγάς A.Ag. 1057

    ; χρήσιμος, ἱκανὸς π. τι, Pl.Grg. 474d, Prt. 322b;

    ὡς π. τί χρείας; S.OT 1174

    , cf. OC71, Tr. 1182;

    ἕτοιμος π. τι X.Mem.4.5.12

    ;

    ἱκανῶς ὡς π. τὴν παροῦσαν χρείαν Arist. Cael. 269b21

    ;

    ἢν ἀρήγειν φαίνηται π. τὴν σύμπασαν νοῦσον Hp.Acut. 60

    ; ποιεῖ π. ἐπιλημπτικούς is efficacious for cases of epilepsy, Dsc.1.6;

    ἐθέλοντες τὰ π. τὴν νοῦσον ἡδέα μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ π. τὴν ὑγιείην προσδέχεσθαι Hp. de Arte7

    .
    b with a view to or for a future time,

    ὅπως.. γράμματα δῷ π. ἢν ἂν ἡμέραν ἑκάτεροι παραγίνωνται SIG679.62

     (Senatus consultum, ii B. C.);

    θαυμάζεται τὰ Περικλέους ἔργα π. πολὺν χρόνον ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενόμενα Plu.Per.13

    .
    c = πρός B. 11,

    ἐγίνετο π. ἀναζογήν Plb.3.92.8

    ;

    ὄντων π. τὸ κωλύειν Id.1.26.3

    , cf. 1.29.3, al., Plu.Nic.5.
    4 in proportion or relation to, in comparison with,

    κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα Κῦρον Hdt.3.34

    ;

    ἔργα λόγου μέζω π. πᾶσαν χώρην Id.2.35

    ;

    π. πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους Id.3.94

    , 8.44;

    πολλὴν ἂν οἶμαι ἀπιστίαν τῆς δυνάμεως.. π. τὸ κλέος αὐτῶν εἶναι Th.1.10

    , cf. Pi.O.2.88, Pl. Prt. 327d, 328c, Phd. 102c, etc.; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between.., Th.1.10;

    τὸ κάλλιστον τῶν ἔργων π. τὸ αἴσχιστον συμβαλεῖν Lycurg.68

    ;

    ἓν π. ἓν συμβάλλειν Hdt.4.50

    ; also

    ἔχεις π. τὰ ἔτη μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχα Thphr. Char.2.3

    ;

    ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ π. τὴν ἐξουσίαν Th.4.39

    : also of mathematical ratio, οἷος ὁ πρῶτος (sc. ὅρος)

    ποτὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ποτὶ τὸν τρίτον Archyt.2

    , cf. Philol.11, Pl.Ti. 36b, Arist.Rh. 1409a4, al., Euc. 5 Def.4, etc.; πρὸς παρεὸν.. μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), Emp.106: also of price, value, πωλεῖσθαι δὶς π. ἀργύριον sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, Thphr.HP9.6.4;

    πωλεῖται ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ π. διπλοῦν ἀργύριον Dsc.1.19

    ; [ἡ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται.. π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes ap.Ath.3.93b: metaph.,

    π. ἀρετήν Pl.Phd. 69a

    ; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, Arist.Ath.51.3; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, IG22.1013.14, cf. PHib. 1.32.9 (iii B. C.), IG5(1).1390.78 (Andania, i B. C.);

    τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματα SIG364.42

     (Ephesus, iii B. C.);

    θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόν IPE12.32A16

     (Olbia, iii B. C.); τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, Plb. 38.11.10, cf. 1.72.5, 5.27.4,5,7,5.108.1, PTeb.707.9 (ii B. C.);

    τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκότας Plb.25.3.1

    , cf. SIG742.31 (Ephesus, i B. C.);

    ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον.. π. χαλκόν IG7.3073.6

     (Lebad., ii B. C.), cf. PSI5.356.7 (iii B. C.), PTeb. 825 (a).16 (ii B. C.), Sammelb.5106.3 (ii B. C.);

    οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοι Jul. Or.1.42b

    ; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', Men.828 (also π. ἅλα δειπνεῖν καὶ κύαμον, i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, Plu.2.684f); so

    ἡδονὰς π. ἡδονὰς.. καταλλάττεσθαι Pl.Phd. 69a

    ; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra,

    π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαι Aeschin.2.126

    , cf. Arist.Ath.67.2,3,69.2;

    λεγέσθω τᾶς δίκας ὁ μὲν πρᾶτος λόγος ἑκατέροις ποτὶ χόας δεκαοκτώ SIG953.17

     (Calymna, ii B. C.); λεξάντων πρὸς τὴν τήρησιν τοῦ ὕδατος ib.683.60 (Olympia, ii B. C.); π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., Epin. 2;

    π. κλεψύδρας Arist.Po. 1451a8

    ;

    π. ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἀναγκαζόμενος λέγειν D.41.30

    ; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time,

    ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίαν J.BJ5.9.1

    , cf. Alex.Aphr. in Top.560.2, Hld.2.19, POxy67.14 (iv A.D.), Orib.Fr.116, Gp.4.15.8; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, Antyll. ap. Orib.9.24.26, Paul.Aeg.Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν Poet. in Mus.Script.p.452 von Jan;

    μήτηρ δ' ἦν π. μικρόν Sammelb. 7288.4

     ([place name] Ptolemaic);

    π. βραχύ Jul.Or.1.47b

     (but π. βραχὺ παρηβηκυίας (by) a little past their best, Gp.4.15.3);

    π. βραχὺν καιρόν Iamb. Protr. 21

    .

    κα'; π. τὸ ἀκαρές Porph.Gaur.3.3

    ;

    π. μίαν ἢ δευτέραν ἡμέραν Dsc. 2.101

    , cf. Sor.1.56;

    π. δύο ἡμέρας ἐκοίμησα ἐκεῖ BGU775.8

     (ii A. D.);

    π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέραν Sammelb. 7399

     (ii A.D.), cf. M.Ant.12.4;

    προστιμάσθω π. χρόνον μὴ εἰσελθεῖν ὅσον ἂν δόξῃ IG22.1368.89

    .
    5 in or by reference to, according to, in view of,

    π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι Hdt. 1.20

    , cf. 113, Th.6.46,47, IG22.1.20, etc.;

    π. τὴν παροῦσαν ἀρρωστίαν Th.7.47

    ;

    ἵνα π. τὸν ὑπάρχοντα καιρὸν ἕκαστα θεωρῆτε D.18.17

    , cf. 314, etc.;

    εἴ τι δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι π. τὸν ἄλλον τρόπον Id.27.22

    ; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, Id.19.226;

    ἐλευθέρου τὸ μὴ π. ἄλλον ζῆν Arist.Rh. 1367a32

    ;

    π. τοῦτον πάντ' ἐσκόπουν, π. τοῦτον ἐποιοῦντο τὴν εἰρήνην D.19.63

    ; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, Arist.Pol. 1310a14; ὁρῶ.. ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, D.15.28;

    π. τὰς τύχας γὰρ τὰς φρένας κεκτήμεθα

     according to..,

    E.Hipp. 701

    ; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc.); τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, Leg.Gort.5.44, cf. 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ.. πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, IG22.1013.7; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, ib. 30, cf. PAmh.43.10 (ii B. C.); [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, Arist.Ath.10.2;

    ὀρθὸν π. τὸν διαβήτην IG22.1668.9

    , cf. 95,7.3073.108 (Lebad., ii B. C.); π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, D.C.Fr.104.6.
    6 with the accompaniment of musical instruments,

    π. κάλαμον Pi.O.10(11).84

    ; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, E.Alc. 346, X.Smp.6.3, etc.;

    π. λύραν.. ᾄδειν SIG662.13

     (Delos, ii B. C.); π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, D.S.5.34.
    7 [full] πρός c.acc. freq. periphr. for Adv., π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion,

    νῦν χρὴ.. τινα π. βίαν πώνην Alc.20

     (s.v.l.);

    π. βίαν ἐπίνομεν Ar.Ach.73

    ;

    τὸ π. βίαν πίνειν ἴσον πέφυκε τῷ διψῆν κακόν S.Fr. 735

    ; ἥκω.. π. βίαν under compulsion, Critias 16.10 D.; by force, forcibly, A.Pr. 210, 355, etc.; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, Id.Eu.5 (but also, in spite of any one, S.OC 657);

    π. τὸ βίαιον A.Ag. 130

     (lyr.);

    π. τὸ καρτερόν Id.Pr. 214

    ; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, Id.Th. 498, Pers. 569 (lyr.);

    οὐ διαχωρέεει [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ π. ἀνάγκην Hp. Prog.8

    ,19;

    π. ἰσχύος κράτος S.Ph. 594

    ;

    π. ἡδονὴν εἶναί τινι A.Pr. 494

    ; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, Th.2.65, S.El. 921, D.4.38, cf. E.Med. 773;

    οἱ πάντα π. ἡδονὴν ἐπαινοῦντες Arist.EN 1126b13

    ;

    ἅπαντα π. ἡδ. ζητεῖν D.1.15

    , cf. 18.4; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, Hp.Mul.2.133;

    πίνειν π. ἡδ. Pl. Smp. 176e

    ; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, Th.2.53; π. χάριν so as to gratify,

    μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ. D.8.1

    , cf. S.OT 1152;

    π. χάριν δημηγορεῖν D.3.3

    , etc.: c. gen. rei, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of,

    π. χ. βορᾶς S.Ant.30

    , cf. Ph. 1156 (lyr.);

    π. ἰσχύος χ.

     by means of,

    E.Med. 538

    ; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, S.El. 369, Th.2.65, D.53.16 (v.l.);

    π. ὀργὴν ἐλθεῖν τινι Id.39.23

    , etc.; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, S.OC 1119;

    π. εὐσέβειαν Id.El. 464

    ; π. καιρόν seasonably, Id.Aj.38, etc.;

    π. φύσιν Id.Tr. 308

    ; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, Antiph.226.2; π. μέρος in due proportion, D.36.32;

    π. ὀλίγον μέρος Gp.2.15.1

    ; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, Il.14.403; π. ὀρθὰς (sc. γωνίας ( .. τῇ AEB at right angles to, Arist.Mete. 373a14, cf. Euc.1.11, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.3;

    π. ὀρθὴν τέμνουσα Arist.Mete. 363b2

    ; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, Luc.Tox.9, Hist.Conscr.38; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, Ath.15.687a, cf. Luc. JTr.48, Alex.61: c. [comp] Sup., π. τὰ μέγιστα in the highest degree, Hdt.8.20.
    8 of Numbers. up to, about, Plb.16.7.5, etc.: cf. πρόσπου.
    D ABS. AS ADV., besides, over and above; in Hom. always π. δέ or ποτὶ δέ, Il.5.307, 10.108, al., cf. Hdt.1.71, etc.; π. δὲ καί ib. 164, 207;

    π. δὲ ἔτι Id.3.74

    ;

    καὶ π. Id.7.154

    , 184, prob. in A.Ch. 301, etc.;

    καὶ π. γε E.Hel. 110

    , Pl.R. 328a, 466e;

    καὶ.. γε π. A.Pr.73

    ;

    καὶ δὴ π. Hdt.5.67

    ; freq. at the end of a second clause,

    τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π. E.Or. 622

    ;

    ἀλογία.., καὶ ἀμαθία γε π. Pl.Men. 90e

    , cf. E.Ph. 610;

    ἐνενήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι π. D.4.28

    , cf. 22.60.
    I motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.
    II addition, besides, as προσκτάομαι, προσδίδωμι, προστίθημι, etc.
    III a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaph. connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.
    F REMARKS,
    1 in poetry πρός sts. stands after its case and before an attribute,

    ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρός A.Pr. 653

    , cf. Th. 185, S.OT 178 (lyr.), E.Or.94; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ)

    σφέτερον Il.17.419

    , cf. Pi.O.4.5.
    2 in Hom. it is freq. separated from its Verb by tmesis.
    3 sts. (in violation of the rule given by A.D.Synt.127.8, Pron.42.5) followed by an enclit. Pron.,

    πρός με S.Aj. 292

    , Ar.Pl. 1055, D.18.14 (v.l.), Men.978, Pk.77, Com.Adesp.15.25 D., 22.68 D., etc.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρός

  • 7 ἵνα

    A Adv.,
    I of Place,
    1 in that place, there, once in Hom.,

    ἵ. γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι Il.10.127

     (acc.to Eust.).
    2 elsewh. relat., in which place, where, 2.558, Od.9.136, Hdt.2.133,9.27,54, Pi.O.1.95, B.10.79, A.Pr.21, al., S.El.22, 855, Ar.Ra. 1231, etc.: rarely in [dialect] Att. Prose, Lys.13.72 (v. infr.), Pl.Ap. 17c, Phlb. 61b; ἵ. ἡ Νίκη (sc. ἐστίν) IG22.1407.13: rare in later Greek, Arr.An.1.3.2, Luc.Cont.22, Ind.3: with particles,

    ἵ. τε Il.20.478

    ;

    ἵ. περ 24.382

    , Od.13.364, Lys. l.c.; ἵν' ἄν c. subj., wherever, S.OC 405, E. Ion 315; as indirect interrog., Hdt.1.179, 2.150, E.Hec. 1008.
    b after Hom., like other Advs. of Place, c. gen.,

    ἵ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.1.98

    ; ἔμαθε ἵ. ἦν κακοῦ in what a calamity, Id.1.213;

    οὐδ' ὁρᾶν ἵν' ἐ̄ κακοῦ S.OT 367

    ; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας ib. 1442;

    ἵν' ἦμεν ἄτης Id.El. 936

    ;

    ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἐσμὲν αὐτοῦ πέρι τῆς ἀπορίας Pl.Sph. 243b

    .
    c with Verbs of motion, whither, Od.4.821, al.;

    ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἥκεις S.OT 687

    , al., Din.2.10;

    ιναπερ ὥρμητο Th. 4.74

    .
    II of circumstance, γάμος.., ἵ. χρή at which, when, Od.6.27; ἵ. μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς.., ἐνταῦθα.. when it was in their power, Antipho 6.9.
    2 = ἐάν, dub. in Il.7.353 (v.l. ἵν' ἄν, cf. Sch.), Archil. 74.7 codd., v.l. in Din.1.1, and Pl.Chrm. 176b.
    B Final Conj., that, in order that, from Hom. downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sts. preceded by an emphatic word, Pl.Chrm. 169d;

    ἵ. δή Il.7.26

    , 23.207, Hdt.1.29, Pl.R. 420e, 610c: never with ἄν or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in Od.12.156, E.IA 1579).
    I general usage:
    1 with subj.,
    a after primary tenses of ind., also subj. and imper.: [tense] pres. ind., Il.3.252, Od.2.111, X.Mem.3.2.3, Cyr.1.2.11, Isoc.3.2: [tense] pf. ind., Il.1.203, Isoc.4.129: [tense] fut., Od.2.307,4.591, X.Cyr.1.2.15; subj., S.OT 364; imper., Il.19.348,al., A.Pr.61, S.Ph. 880, Ar.Ra. 297, Pl.R. 341b, Men. 71d.
    b after historical tenses, in similes, where the [tense] aor. is gnomic, Od.5.490 ( αὔοι codd.); where [tense] aor. is treated as equiv. to [tense] pf., Il.9.99, Od.8.580, Hdt.5.91, Lys.1.4, D.9.26: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speaker's present,

    σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵ. μοι.. λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς Il.9.495

    , cf. Hdt.1.29, 6.100, Th.1.44, al., Lys.1.11,12,al.
    c after opt. and ἄν, when opt. with οὐκ ἄν is used with sense of imper., Il.24.264, Od.6.58; after βουλοίμην ἄν.., Lys.7.12.
    d after [tense] impf. with ἄν, D.23.7.
    2 with opt.,
    a after historical tenses, Il.5.3, Od.3.2, A. Th. 215, Lys.3.11, Pl.Prt. 314c, etc.: after the historical [tense] pres., E. Hec.11: sts. both moods, subj. and opt., follow in consecutive clauses, Od.3.77, Hdt.8.76,9.51, D.23.93,49.14.
    b after opt., Od.18.369, S.Ph. 325;

    βούλοιντ' ἂν ἡμᾶς ἐξολωλέναι, ἵνα.. λάβοιεν Ar. Pax 413

    .
    c rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, Od.17.250, Ar.Ra.24, Pl.R. 410c.
    3 with past tenses of ind.,
    a after unfulfilled wishes, Id.Cri. 44d.
    b after ind. with ἄν, to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, S.OT 1389, Pl.Men. 89b, D.29.17: esp. after ἐβουλόμην ἄν.., Ar. V. 961, Lys.4.3.
    c after such Verbs as ἐχρῆν, ἔδει, E.Hipp. 647, Pl.Prt. 335c, Smp. 181e, Euthd. 304e, Isoc.9.5, D.24.48, Men.349.5, etc.: whenan unfulfilled obligation is implied, τεθαύμακα ὅτι οὐκ εἶπεν ( = ἔδει εἰπεῖν)

    .. ἵ... Pl.Tht. 161c

    ; ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν ( = δέον κοσμεῖν)

    .. ἵ... D.36.47

    .
    d after [tense] pres. ind. in general statements (including the past),

    οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν Plot.1.8.5

    .
    4 ἵ. μή as the neg. of ἵνα, that not, Il.19.348, etc.
    II special usages:
    1 like ὅπως, after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (but cf. Od.3.327 with ib.19), ἀξιοῦν ἵ... Decr. ap. D.18.155;

    δεήσεσθαι ἵ... D.H.1.83

    ;

    παρακαλεῖν ἵ... Arr.Epict.3.23.27

    : freq. in NT,

    ἐκήρυξαν ἵ. μετανοήσωσιν Ev.Marc.6.12

    , al.; of will, ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵ. ποιῶσιν.. ib.25: hence ἵ. c. subj. stands for infin., ἐν τούτῳ ἵ. καρπὸν φέρητε ( = ἐν τῷ φέρειν) Ev.Jo.15.8, etc.;

    πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἵ. κοιμηθῶ Arr.Epict.1.10.8

    , cf. M.Ant.8.29; also for ὥστε, LXX Ge.22.14,al., Plu.2.333a, Porph.Abst.2.33, etc.
    2 because, ἵ. ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην I was honoured because I read, Anon. ap. A.D.Synt.266.5, cf. Conj.243.21, Choerob.in Theod.2.257, al.; not found in literature.
    3 elliptical usages,
    a where the purpose of the utterance is stated, Ζεὺς ἔσθ', ἵν' εἰδῇς 'tis Zeus,— [I tell thee this] that thou may'st know it, S.Ph. 989;

    ἵ. μὴ εἴπω ὅτι οὐδεμιᾷ Pl.R. 507d

    ;

    ἵ. συντέμω D.45.5

    ;

    ἵν' ἐκ τούτων ἄρξωμαι Id.21.43

    ; ἵ. δῶμεν.. granted that.., S.E.P.2.34, cf. 1.79.
    b in commands, introducing a principal sentence, ἵ. συντάξῃς order him.., PCair.Zen. 240.12 (iii B.C.);

    ἵ. λαλήσῃς PSI4.412.1

     (iii B.C.);

    ἵ. ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ Ev.Marc.5.23

    ,cf. 2 Ep.Cor.8.7, LXX 2 Ma.1.9, Arr.Epict.4.1.41, Did. ap. Sch.S.OC 156.
    c ἵ. τί (sc. γένηται); to what end? either abs. or as a question, Ar.Ec. 719; or with a Verb following, Id. Pax 409, cf. Pl.Ap. 26d, etc.; ἵ. δὴ τί; Ar.Nu. 1192.
    d in indignant exclamations, to think that.. !

    Σωκράτης ἵ. πάθῃ ταῦτα Arr.Epict.1.29.16

    .
    III in later Gr. with ind., LXXEx.1.11,al., Ep.Gal.2.4, 4.17, etc.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἵνα

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